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 Yixing (637-727) was a well-known astronomer, mathematician, mechanical engineer, and Buddhist monk of the Tang Dynasty (618–907) born in Julu County in Hebei Province with the original name Zhang Sui. He studied hard the ephemeris and Theory of Yin-Yang and Five Elements (metal, wood, water, fire and earth) since childhood, so that he was famous in Chang’an for his great leaning in his youth. In order to eschew political involvement in the reign of Empress Wu Zetian, Zhang Sui joined the Buddhist order and renamed Yixing. Then he studied Buddhist scriptures as well as astronomy and mathematics in Songshan Shaolin Temple and Tiantai Mountain respectively. He also translated Indian Buddhist scriptures of various kinds. All of these finally led him to the leader of the Esoteric Buddhism.

Master Yixing’s representative work on Esoteric Buddhism is Darijingshu (commentaries on Mahavairocana Sutra) and on calendar system is Dayan Calendar, which consists of 52 volumes and was edited for official use in the second year after Yixing’s death under the order of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty.