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(24) Gautama Buddha instructs that “a Buddhist votary has to pay debt of gratitude to the four sources of affection, with which he or she has been showered upon”. By “the four sources of affection” is meant

?the affection and care from his or her parents,

?the affection from other sentient beings,

?the affection from his or her contemporary rulers, and

?the affection from the Three Jewels.

A Buddhist votary is indebted to his or her parents for bringing him or her into the world and for bringing him and her up. Therefore it is obligatory for him and her to pay the debt of gratitude to them. The awareness in an individual of the obligation of paying the debt of gratitude to his or her parents would be conducive to the formation of a family saturated with love, harmony, veneration for the elders, and affection for the young. Nobody can survive if completely isolated from others. In other words, one depends on others to live. And one has to work hard so that he can pay the debt of gratitude to all his contemporaries. Buddhist votaries are no exceptions. However, for a Buddhist votary, the Three Jewels of “the Buddha, the Dharma, and the sangha” constitute the source, whence he or she can elicit wisdom that would lead him or her to awakening and liberation. Therefore it is obligatory for a Buddhist votary to pay the debt of gratitude to the Three Jewels.